@MastersThesis{Antonio:2021:EsPrIn,
author = "Antonio, Manuel Agostinho Victor",
title = "Estudo dos processos de intera{\c{c}}{\~a}o oceano-atmosfera
sobre o Atl{\^a}ntico Sudoeste durante a ocorr{\^e}ncia de um
ciclone extra-tropical",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2021",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2020-09-01",
keywords = "intera{\c{c}}{\~a}o oceano-atmosfera, ciclone, modelagem
num{\'e}rica regional acoplada, Atl{\^a}ntico Sudoeste,
ocean-atmosphere interaction, cyclone, regional coupled numerical
modeling, Southwest Atlantic.",
abstract = "Para compreender os processos de intera{\c{c}}{\~a}o
oceano-atmosfera sobre o Atl{\^a}ntico Sudoeste (ATLSW) durante o
desenvolvimento de um ciclone extratropical, neste trabalho, foram
realizados diversos experimentos num{\'e}ricos desacoplados
(modelo atmosf{\'e}rico) e acoplados (modelo
atmosf{\'e}rico+oce{\^a}nico) atrav{\'e}s do sistema de
modelagem regional de alta resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o COAWST. Este
ciclone foi escolhido por ocorrer no mesmo per{\'{\i}}odo em que
decorria o experimento de campo OPERANTAR XXXII, de 13 a 16 de
outubro de 2013, o que possibilitou o uso dos dados coletados in
situ durante a campanha. Al{\'e}m disso, foram utilizadas
tamb{\'e}m dados de rean{\'a}lises atmosf{\'e}ricas e
oce{\^a}nicas adquiridas a partir do CFSv2, MUR e ERA5, bem como
imagens de sat{\'e}lites fornecidas pelo CPTEC/INPE. A partir da
an{\'a}lise sin{\'o}tica percebeu-se que, a forma{\c{c}}{\~a}o
do ciclone ocorreu devido {\`a} pr{\'e}-exist{\^e}ncia da
converg{\^e}ncia em superf{\'{\i}}cie entre os fluxos dos
anticiclones centrados em 33oS-32oW e 42oS-50oW, e o surgimento de
um cavado de onda curta nos n{\'{\i}}veis m{\'e}dios da
troposfera. Durante o ciclo de vida do ciclone, o valor
m{\'{\i}}nimo da is{\'o}bara central alcan{\c{c}}ada foi de
1010 hPa no est{\'a}gio inicial, 1004 hPa
intensifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o, 1002 hPa matura{\c{c}}{\~a}o e 1008
hPa no est{\'a}gio de enfraquecimento. A avalia{\c{c}}{\~a}o
dos processos termodin{\^a}micos no desenvolvimento do ciclone
realizado atrav{\'e}s da equa{\c{c}}{\~a}o do balan{\c{c}}o de
calor sobre o centro de baixa press{\~a}o atmosf{\'e}rica
mostraram, uma maior contribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o do termo
adiab{\'a}tico, da advec{\c{c}}{\~a}o vertical de temperatura e
do res{\'{\i}}duo na baixa e m{\'e}dia troposfera durante a
fase inicial e de intensifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o do ciclone. Enquanto
na matura{\c{c}}{\~a}o, o forte aquecimento (12 x10\−5
k.s\−1) gerado pela advec{\c{c}}{\~a}o horizontal de
temperatura foi o principal mecanismo respons{\'a}vel pelo
desenvolvimento do ciclone. No est{\'a}gio de enfraquecimento,
todos esses termos se reduziram pr{\'o}ximo de zero em baixos
n{\'{\i}}veis. Atrav{\'e}s dos resultados dos experimentos
acoplados e desacoplados pode-se perceber que em termos
m{\'e}dios, as vari{\'a}veis press{\~a}o e vento a 10 metros da
superf{\'{\i}}cie foram melhores representadas nos experimentos
(acoplados e desacoplados) inicializados com 24h, devido ao
surgimento pr{\'e}vio do centro de baixa press{\~a}o
atmosf{\'e}rica nas Condi{\c{c}}{\~o}es Iniciais (CIs). Por
outro lado, mecanismos e dist{\'u}rbios de meso-escala
desenvolvidos nas simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es mais longas (na
aus{\^e}ncia do centro de baixa press{\~a}o nas CIs), foram
importantes para o desenvolvimento das condi{\c{c}}{\~o}es
necess{\'a}rias para a ciclog{\^e}nese ocorrida no experimento
inicializado com 48h, pois, isso garantiu uma
representa{\c{c}}{\~a}o mais realista da intensidade e
trajet{\'o}ria do ciclone. J{\'a} em rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o aos
experimentos inicializados no prazo mais longo de 72h, observou-se
um crescimento dos erros (vi{\'e}s e RMSE). Na
verifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o do modelo oce{\^a}nico em simular a TSM
sobre o ATLSW considera-se que este representou de forma adequada
o padr{\~a}o de distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o e os gradientes
t{\'e}rmicos, embora, as temperaturas baixas simuladas ao longo
da plataforma continental no setor frio da Conflu{\^e}ncia
Brasil-Malvinas (CBM), tenham influenciado diretamente no
conte{\'u}do de umidade espec{\'{\i}}fica {\`a} 2 metros. Em
geral, ambos experimentos acoplados e desacoplados inicializados
com 24 e 48h, demonstraram consist{\^e}ncia em simular os perfis
verticais da atmosfera comparando com as radiossondas coletadas in
situ durante a OPERANTAR XXXII. ABSTRACT: To understand the
ocean-atmosphere interaction processes over the Southwest Atlantic
(ATLSW) during the development of an extratropical cyclone, in
this work, several uncoupled numerical experiments (atmospheric
model) and coupled (atmospheric+ oceanic model) were carried out
through the regional modeling system for high-resolution COAWST.
This cyclone was chosen, because it occurred in the same time as
the field experiment OPERANTAR XXXII, from October 13th to 16th,
2013, that made it possible to use the data collected in situ. In
addition, data from atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis acquired
from CFSv2, MUR and ERA5 were also used, as well as satellite
images provided by CPTEC/INPE. From the synoptic analysis it can
be seen that, the formation of the cyclone occurred due to the
preexistence of surface convergence between the flows of
anticyclones centered at 33oS- 32oW and 42oS-50oW, and the
appearance of a short wave trough in the medium levels of the
troposphere. During the cyclones life cycle, the minimum value of
the central isobar reached was 1010 hPa in the initial stage, 1004
hPa intensification, 1002 hPa maturation and 1008 hPa in the
weakening stage. The evaluation of thermodynamic processes in the
development of the cyclone carried out through the equation of the
heat balance over the low pressure center has showed, a greater
contribution of the adiabatic term, of the vertical advection of
temperature and residue in the low and medium troposphere during
the initial and intensification stages of the cyclone. While the
strong heating (12 x 10\−5 ks\−1) generated by
horizontal temperature advection, contributed more at the
maturation stage. However, in the weakening stage, all these terms
were reduced to near zero at low levels. Through the results of
the coupled and uncoupled experiments, it can be seen that in
average terms, the variables pressure and wind at 10 meters above
the surface, were better represented in the experiments
initialized with 24 hours (h), due to the previous appearance of
the low pressure center in Initial Conditions (CIs). On the other
hand, the mesoscale mechanisms and disturbance developed in the
longest simulations (in the absence of the low pressure in ICs),
were very crucial for the development of the conditions necessary
for a cyclogenesis that occurred in the experiment initialized
with 48h, therefore, this ensured a better trajectory and
intensity representation of the cyclone. Regarding the experiments
initialized in the longest period of 72h, there was an increase in
errors (bias and RMSE). In verifying the oceanic model in
simulating the SST over the ATLSW, it is considered that the model
correctly represents the distribution pattern and the SST
gradients, although its negative biases found along the
continental shelf in the cold sector of the Brazil-Malvinas
Confluence have influenced directly on the specific moisture
content at 2 meters above the surface. Generally, both coupled and
uncoupled experiments initialized at 24 and 48h, have showed
consistency in representing the vertical profiles of the
atmosphere compared to the radiosondes collected in situ during
OPERANTAR XXXII.",
committee = "Pezzi, Luciano Ponzi (presidente/orientador) and Arav{\'e}quia,
Jos{\'e} Antonio (orientador) and Souza, Ronald Buss de and Gan,
Manoel Alonso and Quadro, Mario Francisco Leal de",
englishtitle = "Study of ocean-atmosphere interaction processes over the Southwest
Atlantic during an extratropical cyclone occurrence.",
language = "pt",
pages = "93",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34R/437A28S",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34R/437A28S",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "03 maio 2024"
}